Three Kinds of People
The second day of judgment, nine days later, is Yom Kippur. On this day, there was a great ceremony in Jerusalem of closing the gates to the temple.
“Rosh haShanah” (as Yom haTeruah is often called) is when the court (of 24 elders) is seated and "the books are opened" (Dan. 7:9; Rev. 4:1). The first book opened is the "Book of the Righteous", or, the Book of Life. The second is for another clear-cut category, the "wicked", with whom YHWH has stopped striving.
But the third book is less conclusive. It is called the "Book of the Sinners", and refers to the average people who may be sinning in ignorance. It is necessary in Scripture to distinguish between "the wicked" and "sinners". Y’shua said He was "betrayed into the hands of sinners" (Matt. 26:45), and He forgave them, for they were not sinning deliberately. In the Torah, only deliberate sins are punished by death; those done ignorantly can be atoned for by a sacrifice. David says he will "teach sinners [YHWH's] ways" (Ps. 51:13), so there is yet hope for them as long as the gates have not yet been closed.
The 40 days before Yom Kippur, but especially the last 10, are spent in fervent repentance. During this period Jews typically greet each other with "may you be sealed for the day of redemption", and pray to the same end. Ephesians 4:30 tells us that the Holy Spirit assures believers in Y'shua that we are sealed for that day, through faith in the Messiah (cf. 1:13-14). The seal also reminds us of the mark put on Cain to prevent him from being judged by anyone but YHWH, and that mark (and its counterfeit) pop up again in Ezekiel and Revelation.
YHWH prescribed a curious practice in Leviticus 13:21, 33 for dealing with people who had leprosy: if the verdict was uncertain, they were given a 7-day waiting period. Why 7? Because it relates to the judgment scenario mentioned above: after Y’shua comes for those who have believed "on time", there are seven years of sifting, when the Two Witnesses and 144,000 Israelite “evangelists” give one last opening to repent. How long does YHWH give until He finally closes the door? Seven more years!
The parables of the ten virgins (Mat. 25) and the fruitless tree that was given extra care and more time (Lk. 13) parallel this scenario.
There are two "days of judgment" on YHWH's annual calendar. The first is the Feast of Trumpet-blasts (Yom haTeruah) the first day of the civil year, but also considered in some aspects the end of the prior year., because of the concept of overlap in Hebraic thought as opposed to complete linear time with distinct breaks in the eras as found in Greek thought.